History Is His-Story

Because History Is Nothing More or Nothing Less Than His-Story, we will be using the abbreviations "BC" and "AD" to identify dates. Many people today are trying to be "Politically Correct" and be considerate of other people's feelings while at the same time Denying The Lord Jesus Christ (Matt. 10:32-33, Mark 8:37, 2 Tim. 1:8). Even though I am considerate of other people's feeling, I believe that they also should be considerate of mine. I believe that Jesus is who He says He is, God Manifested In Human Flesh.

As most people know, "BC" stands for "Before Christ", and "AD" is Latin "Anno Domini" for "In The Year of Our Lord." However, everybody in the world is not a Christian. For a Jew, a Moslem, A Hindu, a Witch, or a Druid to refer to the date as being in the year of "their Lord" when they don't follow Christ, is offensive. Therefore, a new abbreviation had to be made. "CE" stands for "Christian Era" or for the truly anti-Christian "Common Era". "BCE", likewise, stands for "Before" the "Common" or "Christian Era".

"CE" refers to the Same dates as "AD" and "BCE" stands for the Same dates as "BC". The only difference is that "AD" generally goes "Before" the year number and "CE" goes "After" it. e.g. "AD 1998" is the same year as "1998 CE".

One of the main purposes of Genesis is the Reconstruction and Dating of Human History. In order to do this, it will be necessary to carry the dating forward to known dates and to work backward from the known to the un-known. By this means we are able to Verify And Give Authenticity To the Dates In Genesis.

Adam Was The First Man
Eve Was The Mother of All Living

Genesis 1:26-27, "And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth. 27 So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them."

Genesis 3:20, "And Adam called his wife. s name Eve; because she was the mother of all living."

1 Corinthians 15:45, "And so it is written, The first man Adam was made a living soul; the last Adam was made a quickening spirit."

4115 BC - 3195 BC --- Adam was created by God 4115 BC and dies in 3195 BC at age of 930 (Gen. 5:5)

3985 BC - 3065 BC --- Seth was born when Adam was 130 years old (Gen. 5:3) and dies at 920 years of age (Gen. 5:8).

3880 BC - 2975 BC --- Enos was born when Seth was 105 years old (Gen. 5:6) and dies at 905 years of age (Gen. 5:11).

3790 BC - 2880 BC --- Cainan was born when Enos was 90 years old (Gen. 5:9) and dies at 910 years of age (Gen. 5:14).

3720 BC - 2825 BC --- Mahalaleel - (Maleleel ) was born when Cainan was 70 years old (Gen. 5:12) and dies at 895 years of age (Gen. 5:17).

3655 BC - 2693 BC --- Jared was born when Mahalaleel was 65 years old (Gen. 5:15) and dies at 962 years of age (Gen. 5:20).

3493 BC - 3128 BC (Promoted) --- Enoch was born when Jared was 162 years old (Gen. 5:18) and was taken by God at the age of 365 (Gen. 5:23-24).

3428 BC - 2459 BC --- Methuselah - (Mathosala) was born when Enoch was 65 years old (Gen. 5:21) and dies at 969 years of age (Gen. 5:27). He died the Same Year the Flood came.

3241 BC - 2464 BC --- Lamech was born when Methuselah was 187 years old (Gen. 5:25) and dies at 777 years of age (Gen. 5: 31). All of the above, including Adam, were Still Livng.

3059 BC - 2109 BC --- Noah - (Noe) was born when Lamech was 182 years old (Gen. 5:28) and dies at 950 years of age (Gen. 9:29). Before the flood, All of the above, except Noah, had died.

A. Noah stood as the Head of The Human Race --- His three sons were the head of the Three Branches.

1. Chapter Ten is the Earliest Ethnological Table of Nations known to man.

2. This is the Earliest Historical Record (Roots) of the Human Race --- the Birth of Nations.

3. There is some Overlapping because some of the three branches Settled In The Same Areas of The World.

a. Descendents of Ham, the sons of Cush, settled in Arabia (V.7).

b. Some of the descendents of Shem --- Joktan and Sheba --- also settled in Arabia (V. 26-28).

4. The Accuracy of this Table of Nations is Indisputable.

B. All Nations and All People have come from this One Source --- Noah and his Three Sons.

1. Acts 17:26, "And hath made of one blood all nations of men for to dwell on all the face of the earth, and hath determined the times before appointed, and the bounds of their habitation;"

2. Japheth --- The Indo-Europeans.

3. Ham --- The Orientals, Africans, and Canaanites.

4. Shem --- The Middle Eastern people, the line of the Promised Seed.

5. Acts 10:34-35, "Then Peter opened his mouth, and said, Of a truth I perceive that God is no respecter of persons: 35 But in every nation he that feareth him, and worketh righteousness, is accepted with him."

C. No one can deny that there are Definitely Differences Between Races, some being gifted in one way and some in another.

1. However, we must never make the Mistake of identifying differences with Superiority's or Inferiority's.

2. The question is Not One of Worth But of Uniqueness of contribution, each race making a contribution of immeasurable benefit both to itself and to mankind as a whole.

D. Noah had Three Sons --- from whom the Whole World Was Populated.

Ham --- Africa, Egypt

His Descendants Were:

1. Cush --- The name Cush means Ethiopia --- settled in Ethiopia which is in Africa --- Family later split and one group moved eastward in Arabia and the Middle East area of Babylon in Iraq --- the other migrated into the Far East developing the Oriental nations.

a. Seba ---

b. Havilah ---

c. Sabtah ---

d. Raamah ---

(A) Sheba ---

(B) Dedan ---

e. Sabtechah ---

f. ? Nimrod ? --- A descendent of Cush, but we do not know what branch or line he came from (V. 8-12).

(A) Nimrod was the First Tyrant or World Dictator --- who sat out to build the First Empire upon earth.

(1) Nimrod (Marad) means to Rebel, to Revolt --- He rebelled against God ...

(a) In his building of a Secular and Godless empire,

(b) In Enslaving People to build his empire of Babylon,

(c) In trying to build a Tower or Religion, a worldwide religion of false worship, the Tower of Babel.

(2) Nimrod sought to rule over people, to control as many people and lands as he could.

The Jewish historian Josephus says that Nimrod led the people away form God by encouraging them to put their security and happiness in the state or government.

(B) Nimrod's Empire Included Babylon And Assyria.

(1) The Babylonian Empire.

(a) Babel or Babylon was the beginning of Nimrod's empire.

(b) After The Flood, Nimrod and his followers left Ararat and move to Shinar or the area of Babylon.

(c) Babylon becomes a godless city and stands opposed to God's people (cp. Josh. 7:21; Isa. 13:1; 47:1; Dan. 4:30)

Babylon will be utterly destroyed by God (Rev. 18:1-24)

(d) Erech --- A city over 100 miles southeast of Babylon and southwest of modern Baghdad in Iraq --- Ancient name was Uruk --- Modern name is Warka.

(e) Accad or Akkad --- A city in northern Babylonia located on the Euphrates river.

(f) Calneh --- Location is unknown.

(2) The Assyrian Empire.

(a) Nineveh --- A city on the east side of the upper Tigris river --- across the river from the present day city of Mosul.

Remember what God told Jonah about Nineveh (Jonah 1:2).

(b) Rehoboth --- Calah --- Resen --- All three cities were suburbs of Nineveh.

2. Mizraim ---

a. Ludim or Lud --- The Lyddians, possibly located west of Canaan in Asia Minor.

b. Anamim ---

(A) The people of Cyrene who settled west of Egypt.

(B) The man who carried the Cross of Christ was Simon of Cyrene (Matt. 27:32).

c. Lehabim or Lubim --- Libyans who settled west of Egypt in northern Africa.

d. Naphtuhim --- Migrated to Middle Egypt and were later known as the people of Memphis.

e. Pathrusim --- Southern Egypt, the people of Pathros.

f. Casluhim --- Unknown, but most likely settled in northern Egypt around the Delta area.

(A) The Philistines, who were the bitter enemies of Israel, are said to have come from the Casluhim people.

(B) Amos 9:7, and Jer. 47:4 say they came from the island of Caphtor, which is Crete.

(C) Philistim --- Son of Casluhim.

g. Caphtorim ---

(A) Settled on the island of Crete.

(B) Crete was Evangelized by Paul and the church was Pastored by Titus (Titus 1:5).

3. Phut or Put ---

a. These descendents settled in Africa either in Libya or else in the land that is now called Somalia (Ezek. 27:10).

b. They were later enslaved by the Syrians (Nah. 3:9)

4. Canaan ---

a. Settled in the land of Canaan, which later became known as Palestine.

(A) The Canaanites were the people who occupied Palestine or the land of Canaan, when Israel left Egyptian bondage to conquer the land.

(B) The land of Canaan was to be become "The Land of Promise" or "The Promised Land" to the Jews (Gen. 12:7; 15:18; 17:8; 50:24)

b. Canaanites were an Ungodly and utterly Immoral and Unrighteous society (Gen. 19:5, 15; Lev. 18:1-3, 6-10, 23-30)

c. Sodom and Gomorrah were Canaanite cities.

d. The descendents of Canaan:

(A) Sidon ---

(1) A great commercial city on the Mediterranean Sea just north of Canaan.

(2) It was a Phoenecian city just 20 miles north of Tyre. (1 Kings 5:6; 1 Chron. 22:4; Ezek 27:8)

(B) Heth --- Ancestor of the Hittite people.

(1) They originally appeared in Asia Minor and eventually built a great empire that ruled throughout western Asia.

(2) They rules most of Canaan during Abraham's time. (Gen. 23:3-4)

(C) Jebusite ---

(1) These people settled the area of Jerusalem.

(2) They were citizens of Jerusalem when David conquered the city (2 Sam. 5:6-7)

(D) Amorite ---

(1) They settled mostly in the Mountains of Palestine --- however, they became so numerous and spread so far over the land that the Canaanites were sometimes called the Amorites.

(2) They first appeared during the time of Abraham (Gen. 15:18-21).

(3) Joshua defeated the Amorites (Josh. 10:5-7).

(E) Girgasite ---

(1) Location is unknown but they are listed among the nations whose territory was promised to Abraham (Gen. 15:18-21)

(2) Joshua fought against these people (Josh. 24:11).

(F) Hivite ---

(1) Name means "villagers" or "settlers in cities".

(2) They lived in Shechem (Gen. 34:2), Gibeon (Josh. 9:7), and Mt. Hermon (Josh. 11:3).

(G) Arkite --- These people were Phoenecians who settled to the north of Tripolis, just below Lebanon (1 Chron. 1:15-16).

(H) Sinite --- These people were Phoenecians who settled to the north of Tripolis, just below Lebanon (1 Chron. 1:15-16).

(I) Arvadite --- Settler of the island city Arvad, off the coast above Palestine or Canaan, about 100 miles north of Beruit (Ezek. 27:8, 11).

(J) Zemarite --- Settlers of Simyra or Tsumra (same vicinity as the other Phoenician cities above).

(K) Hamathite ---

(1) Settled the northermost territory of Palestine or Canaan.

(2) Founders of Hamath, a large city on the Orantes River (Num. 13:21; 34:8; 1 Kings 8:65).

e. The territory of Canaan is clearly spelled out in V. 18-20, they spread out .....

(A) From Sidon in the north,

(B) To Gerer in the south,

(C) Over to the southern area of the Dead Sea where four cities were located: Sodom and Gomorrah and Admah and Zeboim.

(D) The Canaanite territory went beyond these cities over to Lasha, which is an unknown city that apparently was along the coast of the Dead Sea.

Japheth --- Greece, Parthia, Russia, northern Europe

His Descendants Were:

1. Gomer --- The first son of Japheth.

a. The descendents of Gomer are identified as the Cimmerians.

b. They spread north and west of the Black Sea, settling in Ancient Galatia, Phyrgia, Bithynia, and the upper region of the Euphrates river in Armenia.

c. These descendents eventually spread westward into Europe and became known as:

(A) The Gauls of France

(B) The Celtics of Briton

(C) The Galacia of Spain

(D) The Germans

(E) The Welsh

(F) The Irish

d. The people of Gomer will Join Forces with those who Stand Against God in the End Time (Ezek. 38:3-6)

e. The Sons of Gomer:

(A) Ashkenaz ---

(1) They settled north of the Euphrates river within the territory of modern Armenia, probably around the area of Ararat (cp. Jer. 51:27)

(2) Later, some of the descendents spread out into into German.

(B) Riphath or Diphath ---

(1) These are listed in the genealogy of 1 Chron. 1:6, and are most likely the ancient Paphalagonians.

(2) Some think they eventually spread to the farthest regions of Europe and that their name gave rise to the name Europe.

(C) Togarmah ---

(1) These people settled above the Euphrates river, within the borders of Armenia and Turkey.

(2) They later migrated into Germany.

(3) The armies of Togarmah joins the armies of God in the great battle of the last days. (Ezek. 38:3-6).

2. Magog ---

a. Magog gave rise to the ancient Scythians and Tartars who lived north of the Black Sea.

b. They migrated and settled much of modern day Russia.

c. They will play a major role during the final days of World History (Ezek. 38-39).

3. Madai ---

a. The Madai are the ancient people of Media who later spread out into Persia.

b. Later some of them moved into India (cp. 2 Kings 17:6, 18:11; Isa. 13:17; 21:2)

c. The Wise Men (Magoi) who visited Jesus as a young baby were from Media (Matt. 2:2).

4. Javan --- The Greek people.

a. The ancient Ionians who settled along the northern and western coast of the Mediterranean Sea.

b. It was the ancient Greeks or Ionians who moved out, explored, and settled various lands and territories, each with its own language (Dan. 8:19-24; Rev. 13:2).

c. The Sons of Javan:

(A) Elishah ---

(1) Either the settlers of Alashia, the island of Cyprus or Sicily and southern Italy.

(2) They were merchants of the very finest blue and purple clothing (Ezek. 27:7).

(B) Tarshish ---

(1) They lived on the ocean --- on the coast of Spain.

(2) Tarshish was the seaport city to which Jonah was fleeing when he was running from the call of God. (Jonah 1:1-3).

(C) Kittim --- Migrated to the island of Cyprus in the Mediterranean Sea (cp. Num. 24:24; Jer. 2:10; Ezek. 27:6).

(D) Dodanim --- Settled on the Mediterranean island of Rhodes (1 Chron. 1:7).

5. Tubal ---

a. The Tubal are the people who settled in eastern Asia Mior around Turkey.

b. They later moved farther north and east settling in territory now known as the Russian states.

c. Tubial is often associated in Scripture with Meshech --- both will be involved in end time events (Eze. 38:2-3; cp. chapters 38-39)

6. Meshech ---

a. These people were called Mosochi who settled in the lands of Turkey and later migrated north into the Russian states.

b. They founded the city of Moscow.

7. Tiras ---

a. These people were the ancestors of either the Thracians (mentioned in Egyptian literature) or perhaps the Etruscans.

b. These were people of Italy.

Shem - (Sem) - (2556 BC - 1956 BC)

The descendents of Shem spread out into the Middle East --- Arabs, Arameans or Syrians, and Hebrews --- They are the line of The Promised Seed.

His Descendants Were:

1. Elam --- Settled east of Mesopotamia beyond the Tigris river.

a. Mesopotamia is the name for the land between the Euphrates and Tigris river.

b. They later united with Media and formed the great Persian Empire.

c. The Elamites joined forces with several other kingdoms and conquered Sodom and Gomorrah and took Lot, the nephew of Abraham, captive --- Abraham freed Lot (Gen. 14:1-16)

2. Asshur --- The Assyrians who settled in northern Mesopotamia along the upper Tigris river --- Built the cities of Nineveh, Rehoboth and Calah

3. Arphaxad - (2456 BC - 2118 BC) ---

a. Cainan ---

b. Salah - (Sala) - (2421 BC - 1988 BC) --- Son of Cainan (Luke 3:36).

Eber - (Heber) - (2391 BC - 1927 BC) --- The great grandson of Shem.

We will continue this Chronology through Shem --- it was through Shem that it was prophecied that the Mesisah would come.

c. Lud --- The Lydians of Asia Minor.

d. Aram --- Located northest of Palestine, their land stretched from the Jordan river to what is known as Armenia today 000 It was the land known as Syria.

(A) Uz --- Part of the Arabian Desert --- the homeland of Job (Job 1:1)

(B) Hul --- Nothing is known about.

(C) Gether --- Nothing known about.

(D) Mash --- Either covered southern Armenia or else it was the modern Lebanon.

2556 BC - 1956 BC --- Shem (Sem) was born when Noah was 503 years old (Gen. 5:32, 7:6, 11:10) and dies at 600 years of age (Gen. 11:10-11)

2459 BC --- Flood --- Noah was 600 year old in 2459 BC (1656 years from Adam’s creation) when the flood came (Gen. 7:6).

2456 BC - 2118 BC --- Arphaxad was born when Shem was 100 years old (which was two years after the flood) (Gen. 10) and dies at 438 years of age (Gen. 11:12-13).

Cainan ---

2421 BC - 1988 BC --- Salah - (Sala) was born when Arphaxad (her grandfather) was 35 years of age (Gen. 11:12) and dies at 433 years of age (Gen. 11:14-15) --- Born of Cainan (Luke 3:36)

A. Eber - (Heber) - (2391 BC - 1927 BC) --- The great grandson of Shem.

1. Peleg - (Phalec) - (2357 BC - 2118 BC) --- Name means "Division" or to "Divide".

2 Joktan --- Arabian people.

a. Almodad --- Settled in south Arabia, possibly in the area of Al-murad.

b. Sheleph --- The area of Yeman, probably around Salaf or Sulaf.

c. Hazarmaveth --- An area in south Arabia around Hadramaut.

d. Jerah --- Unknown, but possibly close to a fortress known as Jerahk.

e. Hadoram --- Most likely in Yemen.

f. Uzal --- Probably the name of the ancient Capital of Yemen.

g. Diklah --- Name means "date-palm" --- probably a region where the fruit was plentiful --- perhaps around Dakalah in Yemen.

h. Obal --- Nothing known about

i. Abimael --- Nothing known about.

j. Sheba --- Probably the Sabeans, a people who settled southwest Arabia.

k. Ophir --- Unknown, but may be in southern Arabia on the Persian Gulf.

Solomon's Ships used the port of Ophir for shipping cargo (1 Kings 9:28; 1 Chron. 29:3-4; 2 Chron. 8:17-18; 9:10; Job 22:24; 28:16; Psa. 45:9)

l. Havilah --- Settled on the border of Arabia just north of Yemen (Gen. 2:11-12; 25:16-18; 1 Sam 15:7)

m. Jobab --- Associated with the area of Jahaibab which is located close to modern Mecca.

2391 BC - 1927 BC --- Eber - (Heber) --- The great grandson of Shem --- was born when Salah was 30 years of age (Gen 11:14) and dies at 464 years of age (Gen. 11:16-17).

A Eber was the Father of The Hebrews

B The name "Hebrew" was taken from the Hebrew word "Eber".

C Abraham and the Children of Israel were to come from the line of Eber.

D Peleg - (2357 BC - 2118 BC) --- Name means "Division" or to "Divide".

2357 BC - 2118 BC --- Peleg - (Phalec) was born when Elber was 34 years of age (Gen. 11:16) and dies at 239 years of age (Gen. 11:18-19).

The "Earth Being Divided" refers to:

A. Families of the earth dividing up the land into districts or territories, or

B. Catastrophic volcanic eruption that divided the earth into continents and islands, or

C. The great scattering and division of the human race after the Tower of Babel.

Tower of Babel ---

2327 BC - 2088 BC --- Reu - (Ragau) was born when Peleg was 30 years of age (Gen. 11:18) and dies at 239 years of age (Gen. 11:20-21)

2295 BC - 2065 BC --- Serug - (Saruch) was born when Reu was 32 years of age (Gen. 11:20) and dies at 230 years of age (Gen. 11:22-23).

2265 BC - 2117 BC --- Nahor - (Nachor) was born when Serug was 30 years of age (Gen. 11:22) and dies at 148 years of age (Gen. 11:24-25)

2236 BC - 2031 BC --- Terah - (Thara) was born when Nahor was 29 years of age (Gen. 11:24) and dies at 205 years of age in the land of Haran after leaving the Ur of the Chaldees with Abram, Sarai, and Lot to go into the land of Canaan.

A. Abram --- Wife was Sarai.

B. Nahor --- Wife was Milcah, the daughter of Haran.

C. Haran --- Died before his father Terah.

1. Lot --- Probably born sometime around 2100 B.C.

2. Milcah ---

3. Iscah ---

2166 BC – 1991 BC --- Abram - (Abraham) was born when Terah was 70 years of age (Gen. 11:26) and dies at age of 175 ( Gen. 25:7).

2080 BC - 1943 BC --- Ishmael was born of Abraham's handmaid, Hagar --- (Gen. 16:5).

God had promised to bless Ishmael and make him the Father of A Great Nation (Gen. 17:20, 21:13)--- He, like Jacob, bore Twelve Sons.

1. Nebajoth

2. Kedar

3. Adbeel

4. Mibsam

5. Mishma

6. Dumah

7. Massa

8. Hadar

9. Tema

10. Jetur

11. Naphish

12. Kedemah

These Twelve Sons became "Princes" and "Rulers" or "Sheiks" who ruled over strongholds such as towns, villages, cities, or nations of people.

2069 BC --- Abraham moved to the land of Canaan --- (Gen. 16:3).

2091 BC --- Covenant was given to Abraham at the age of 75 (Gen. 12:1-4), which was 25 years before Isaac was born.

2066 BC – 1886 BC --- Isaac was born when Abraham was 100 years old (Gen. 21:5) and dies at 180 (Gen. 35:21).

2006 BC – xxxx BC --- Esau (Edom) --- Father of the Edomites in Mount Seir.

Wives:

Adah --- The daughter of Elon the Hittite.

Eliphaz

Teman
Omar
Zepho
Gatam
Kenaz

Aholibamah --- The daughter of Anah, the daughter of Zibeon the Hivite.

Jeush
Jaalam
Korah

Bashemath  (Mahalath) --- Ishmael’s daughter, sister of Nebajoth.  

Reuel

Nahath
Zerah
Shammah
Mizzah

Timna (Concubine)

Amalek

2006 BC – 1859 BC --- Jacob

1876 BC --- Jacob - (Israel) --- Moved To Egypt --- during the reign of Sesostris/Senusert III, two years after the famine began in 1878 BC (Gen. 45:6).

Jacob - (Israel) was 130 years of age when he moved to Egypt (Gen. 47:9), and died at age 147 in 1859 BC, just 17 years after he moved to Egypt (Gen. 47:28).

Jacob - (Israel) Had Twelve Sons --- (The Twelve Tribes of Israel):

1. Reuben ---

A. Hanoch ---

B. Phallu ---

C. Hezron ---

D. Carmi ---

2. Simeon ---

A. Jemuel ---

B. Jamin ---

C. Ohad ---

D. Jachin ---

E. Zohar ---

F. Shaul --- Son of a Canaanitish woman.

3. Levi --- Lived 137 years.

A. Gershon ---

1. Libni ---

2. Shimei ---

B. Kohath --- Lived 133 years.

1. Amram (Married Jochebed) --- Lived 137 years.

a. Aaron (Borned 1529 - Married Elisheba) ---

1. Nadab ---

2. Abihu ---

3. Eleazar ---

a. Phinehas ---

1. Ahitub ---

Ahiah ---

2. Ichabod ---

b. Hophni ---

4. Ithamar ---

b. Moses (born 1526 B.C.) ---

c. Miriam (female) ---

2. Izhar ---

a. Koral ---

1. Assir ---

2. Elkanah ---

3. Abiasaph ---

b. Nepheg ---

c. Zicri ---

3. Hebron ---

4. Uzziel ---

a. Mishael ---

b. Elzaphan ---

c. Sithri ---

C. Merari ---

1. Mahli ---

2. Mushi ---

4. Judah (Juda) ---

A. Er --- Shuah was his mother.

1. Tamar --- Firstborn of Er.

2. Er, Judah's firstborn, was wicked in the sight of the Lord; and the Lord slew him. (Gen. 38:7)

B. Onan --- 2nd son of Shuah.

1. Judah commanded Onan to marry his brother's wife and raise up children to his brother.

2. Since they would not be his children, Onan refused by spilling his seed on the ground.

3. This displeased God so He slew him also.

4. Judah asked Tamar to remain a widow at her father's house until his othr son got older enough to marry her.

a. Getting tired of waiting, Tamar heard that Judah was going to Timnath to shear his sheep.

b. She took off her widow's garments and sat on the side of the road as a harlot.

c. Judah came into her and twins were born of her.

Pharez and Zarah

C. Shelah --- 3rd son of Shuah.

D. Pharez - (Phares) --- (Mother was Tamar Judah's daugher-in-law)

1. Hezron - (Esrom) ---

a. His descendants were --- Aram --- Aminadab --- Narson --- Salmon --- Booz --- Obed --- Jesse --- David ...

b. We will continue this genealogy from Two Sons of David.

c. With David, the lineage was divided --- one for Joseph --- the other for Mary.

2. Hamul ---

E. Zarah --- (Mother was Tamar Judah's daugher-in-law)

1. Zimri ---

2. Ethan ---

3. Heman ---

4. Calcol ---

5. Darda ---

5. Dan ---

Hushim ---

6. Naphtali ---

A. Jahzeel ---

B. Guni ---

C. Jezer ---

D. Shillem ---

7. Gad ---

A. Ziphion ---

B. Haggi ---

C. Shuni ---

D. Ezbon ---

E. Eri ---

F. Arodi ---

G. Areli ---

8. Asher ---

A. Jimnah ---

B. Ishuah ---

C. Isui ---

D. Beriah ---

1. Heber ---

2. Malchiel ---

E. Serah --- (Daughter)

9. Issachar ---

A. Tola ---

B. Phuvah ---

C. Job ---

D. Shimron ---

10. Zebulun ---

A. Sered ---

B. Elon ---

C. Jahleel ---

11. Joseph ---

A. Manasseh ---

B. Ephraim ---

12. Benjamin ---

A. Belah ---

B. Becher ---

C. Ashbel ---

D. Gera ---

E. Naaman ---

F. Ehi ---

G. Rosh ---

H. Muppim ---

I. Huppim ---

J. Ard ---

13. Dinah (daughter) ---

14 - 33 - Were All Daughters.

xxxx BC – xxxx BC  --- Abraham also had Six Sons by Keturah:

It is likely that all these people, together with the descendants of Ishmael, Lot, and Esau; and in some cases, Ham, gradually merged into what is modern-day Arabic peoples.

1. Zimran

2. Jokshan --- The sons of Jokshan are occasionally mentioned in the Bible.

a. Sheba

b. Dedan

(1) Asshurim

(2) Letushim

(3) Leummim

3. Medan

4. Midian --- The sons of Midian (the Medianites) are often mentioned in the Bible as the Enemies of Israel.

a. Ephah

b. Epher

c. Hanoch

d. Abida

e. Eldaah

5. Ishbak

6. Shuah

1915 BC – 1805 BC --- Joseph was Sold To Egypt at age of 17 in 1898 BC (Gen. 37:2, 28).

Joseph was Released From Prison and made second in command at age of 30 in 1885 BC (Gen. 41:46).

1876 BC - 1446 BC --- Egyptian Captivity --- Israel Lived In Egypt for 430 years to the very day (Exo. 12:41-42).

1 Kings 6:1 indicates the Exodus occurred 480 years prior to the 4^th year of Solomon’s reign. His 4^th year was 966, placing the Exodus at 1446 BC.

Egyptian Dynasties: --- 2920 BC - 332 AD

Early Dynastic Period --- 2920 BC - 2770 BC

1st Dynasty --- 2920 BC - 2770 BC

Little actual history is known of the pharaohs of the early dynasties.

Menes (Aha)
     Aha is known for millions of people as King Menes of Memphis. He was the founding king of the 1st Dynasty, and was the first king to unify Upper and Lower Egypt into one kingdom. Menes founded the city of Memphis, and chose as its location an island in the Nile, so that it would be easy to defend.His chief wife was Queen Berenib, though she was not the mother of his heir, King Djer, and his mother was Neithotepe. Menes' tomb resides at Saqqara, the famed necropolis of Memphis. He died at the age of Sixty Three.

Iti (Neithhotep)

Djer
     Djer was the son of Aha and one of his lesser ranked wives, a woman named Hent. Djer built a palace at Memphis where he ruled Egypt from for fifty years. Djer's wife was Queen Herneith. He was buried in a mortuary complex which is called the True Grave of the god Osiris.

Wadj
     Wadj, the third king of the1st Egyptian Dynasty. His stela is displayed at the Louvre in Paris. It is made of limestone carved by the sculptor Serekh. The stela was discovered near the ancient city of Abydos where Wadj's mortuary complex is located. His wife was Queen Mereneith, who acted as mentor and advisor for his successor, King Den.

Den (Udimu)
     Den came to power in Egypt as an infant, Queen Merenith was appointed as his political advisor, which essentially meant that she ruled Egypt until he was capable of doing so himself. Den ruled Egypt for almost fifty years. He was an energetic and athletic person, and was artistic as well. His mortuary complex was built in the ancient city of Abydos, but his body was buried at Saqqara

Anendjib
     Anendjib kept Memphis as his capitol city throughout his 14 years of rule. Anedjib's crown carried the symbols of both Upper and Lower Egypt, a representation of the unification of the country under his power. His wife, Queen Betrest, was the mother of King Semerkhet, who was his successor. The queen provided Anedjib with legitimacy and power since she was a descendant from the Memphite royal line.

Semerkhet
     Semerkhet was the son of King Adjib and Queen Betrest, and for unknown reasons, only ruled for eight years.

Kaa

2nd Dynasty --- 2770 BC - 2650 BC

Hetepsekhemwy
     Hetepsekhemwy's name is a reference to the gods Horus and Seth "The Two Mighty Ones at Rest". He ruled Ancient Egypt for more than thirty five years.

Reneb
     Reneb controlled Egypt after a coup to overthrow his brother. His royal seals were discovered at Saqqara and near Hermopolis.

Ninetjer
     Ninetjer ruled ancient Egypt for almost 40 years and he was famous for his festivals and marvelous temples.

Peribsen
     Peribsen was not the legitimate heir of Nintejer. Many historians believe that the king was an outsider who instigated coup against King Nintejer.

Khasekhemwy
     A statue of Khasekhemwy resides in the Cairo Museum. This was the first use of hard stone work during this period.

Old Kingdom --- 2650 BC - 2152 BC

The pyramids of Giza and Dahshur are built during this period.

3rd Dynasty --- 2650 BC - 2575 BC

Sanakhte (Nebka) --- 2650 BC - 2630 BC
Netjerykhet (Djoser) --- 2630 BC - 2611 BC
Sekhemkhet (Djoser Teti) --- 2611 BC - 2603 BC
Khaba --- 2603 BC - 2599 BC
Huni --- 2599 BC - 2575 BC

4th Dynasty --- 2575 BC - 2467 BC

Snofru --- 2575 BC - 2551 BC
Khufu (Cheops) --- 2551 BC - 2528 BC
Radjedef --- 2528 BC - 2520 BC
Khafre (Chephren) --- 2520 BC - 2494 BC
Menkaure (Mycerinus) --- 2490 BC - 2472 BC
Shepseskaf --- 2472 BC - 2467 BC

5th Dynasty --- 2465 BC - 2323 BC

Userkaf --- 2465 BC - 2458 BC

Noah's Flood took place in 2459 B.C.

Sahure --- 2458 BC - 2446 BC
Neferirkare Kakai --- 2446 BC - 2426 BC
Shepseskare Ini --- 2426 BC - 2419 BC
Raneferef --- 2419 BC - 2416 BC
Niuserre Izi --- 2416 BC - 2392 BC
Menkauhor --- 2396 BC - 2388 BC
Djedkare Izezi --- 2388 BC - 2356 BC
Wenis --- 2356 BC - 2323 BC

6th Dynasty --- 2323 BC - 2152 BC

Teti --- 2323 BC - 2291 BC
Pepy I (Meryre) --- 2289 BC - 2255 BC
Merenre Nemtyemzaf --- 2255 BC - 2246 BC
Pepy II (Neferkare) --- 2246 BC - 2152 BC

First Intermediate Period --- 2150 BC - 1986 BC

During this period there was a breakdown of centralized government, with many kings having overlapping reigns. Montuhotep established order from his capital at Thebes.

7th and 8th Dynasties --- 2150 BC - 2135 BC

Netrikare
Menkare
Neferkare II
Neferkare III
Djedkare II
Neferkare IV
Merenhor
Menkamin I
Nikare
Neferkare V
Neferkahor
Neferkare VI
Neferkamin II
Ibi I
Neferkaure
Neferkauhor
Neferirkare II

Attested Kings about whom nothing more is known

Wadjkare
Sekhemkare
Iti
Imhotep
Isu
Iytenu

9th and 10th Dynasties --- 2135 BC - 2074 BC

Covenant was given to Abraham by God in 2091 B.C.

Neferkare
several kings named Kheti
Meri-Hathor (?)
Merikare

11th Dynasty --- 2074 BC - 1986 BC

Inyotef I (Sehertawy) --- 2074 BC - 2064 BC
Inyotef II (Wahankh) --- 2064 BC - 2015 BC
Inyotef III (Nakhtnebtepnefer) --- 2015 BC - 2007 BC
Montuhotep II --- 2007 BC - 1986 BC

Middle Kingdom --- 1986 BC - 1759 BC

11th Dynasty --- 1986 BC - 1937 BC

Montuhotep II (Nebhepetre) --- 1986 BC - 1956 BC
Montuhotep III (Sankhkare) --- 1956 BC - 1944 BC
Montuhotep IV (Nebtawyre) --- 1944 BC - 1937 BC

12th Dynasty --- 1937 BC - 1759 BC

Amenemhet I (Sehetepibre) --- 1937 BC - 1908 BC
Senwosret I (Kheperkare) --- 1917 BC - 1872 BC

Joseph was sold to Egypt in 1898 B.C. at the age of 17.
Jacob moved to Egypt in 1876 BC.

Amenemhet II (Nubkaure) --- 1875 BC - 1840 BC
Senwosret II (Khakheperre) --- 1842 BC - 1836 BC
Senwosret III (Khakaure) --- 1836 BC - 1817 BC
Amenemhet III (Nimaatre) --- 1817 BC - 1772 BC
Amenemhet IV (Maakherure) --- 1772 BC - 1763 BC
Neferusobek (Sobekkare) --- 1763 BC - 1759 BC

Second Intermediate Period --- 1783 BC - 1539 BC

13th Dynasty --- 1783 -

Wegaf --- 1783 BC-1779 BC
Amenemhat-senebef
Sekhemre-khutawi
Amenemhat V
Sehetepibre I
Iufni
Amenemhat VI
Semenkare
Sehetepibre II
Sewadjkare
Nedjemibre
Sobekhotep I
Reniseneb
Hor I
Amenemhat VII
Sobekhotep II
Khendjer
Imira-mesha
Antef IV
Seth
Sobekhotep III
Neferhotep I --- 1696 BC - 1686 BC
Sihathor --- 1685 BC - 1685 BC
Sobekhotep IV --- 1685 BC - 1678 BC
Sobekhotep V --- 1678 BC - 1674 BC
Iaib --- 1674 BC - 1664 BC
Ay --- 1664 - 1641 BC
Ini I
Sewadjtu
Ined
Hori
Sobekhotep VI
Dedumes I
Ibi II
Hor II
Senebmiu
Sekhanre I
Merkheperre
Merikare

14th Dynasty --- 

Nehesi
Khatire
Nebfaure
Sehabre
Meridjefare
Sewadjkare
Heribre
Sankhibre
Kanefertemre
Neferibre
Ankhkare, ...

15th Dynasty --- 

Salitis
Bnon
Apachnan (Khian)
Apophis (Auserre Apepi)
Khamudi

16th Dynasty --- 

Anat-Her
User-anat
Semqen
Zaket
Wasa
Qar
Pepi III
Bebankh
Nebmaatre
Nikare II
Aahotepre
Aaneterire
Nubankhre
Nubuserre
Khauserre
Khamure
Jacob-Baal
Yakbam
Yoam
Amu, ...

17th Dynasty --- 

Antef V
Rahotep
Sobekemzaf I
Djehuti
Mentuhotep VII
Nebirau I
Nebirau II
Semenenre
Suserenre
Sobekemzaf II
Antef VI
Antef VII
Tao I (Senakhtenre)
Tao II (Sekenenre)
Kamose (Wadjkheperre)

New Kingdom --- 1539 BC - 1069 BC

18th Dynasty --- 1539 BC - 1295 BC

Ahmose (Nebpehtyre) --- 1539 BC - 1514 BC

Moses was born in 1526 BC.

Amenhotep I (Djeserkare) --- 1514 BC - 1493 BC
Thutmose I (Akheperkare) --- 1493 BC - 1481 BC
Thutmose II (Akheperenre) --- 1481 BC - 1479 BC
Hatshepsut (Maatkare) --- 1473 BC - 1458 BC
Thutmose III (Menkheperre) --- 1479 BC - 1425 BC

The Exodus took place in 1446 BC while Thutmose III was in power.

Amenhotep II (Akheperure) --- 1427 BC - 1392 BC
Thutmose IV (Menkheperure) --- 1392 BC - 1382 BC
Amenhotep III (Nebmaatre) --- 1382 BC - 1344 BC
Amenhotep IV / Akhenaten --- 1352 BC - 1336 BC
Neferneferuaten --- 1341 BC - 1337 BC
Smenkhkare (Ankhkheperure) --- 1337 BC - 1336 BC
Tutankhamun (Nebkheperure) --- 1336 BC - 1327 BC
Ay (Kheperkheperure) --- 1327 BC - 1323 BC
Horemheb (Djeserkheperure) --- 1323 BC - 1295 BC

19th Dynasty --- 1295 - 1186 BC

Ramesses I (Menpehtyre) --- 1295 BC - 1294 BC
Seti I (Menmaatre) --- 1394 BC - 1279 BC

Ramesses II (Usermaatresetepenre) --- 1279 BC - 1213 BC
     This is the Pharaol that the movie "The Ten Commandments" protrayed at being the one with whom Moses did battle before the Exodus. In fact the Exodus took place 167 years earlier.
     The son of Seti I and Queen Tuya was called Ramesses the Great, he lived to be 96 years old, had 200 wives and concubines, 96 sons and 60 daughters. Ramesses II outlived the first thirteen of his heirs.
     When Seti I died in 1290 B.C., Ramesses assumed the throne and began a series of wars against the Syrians. The famous Battle of Kadesh is inscribed on the walls of Ramesses temple.
     Ramesses' building accomplishments are two temples at Abu Simbel, the hypostyle hall at Karnak, a mortuary complex at Abydos, the Colossus of Ramesses at Memphis, a vast tomb at Thebes, additions at the Luxor Temple, and the famous Ramesseum. Among Ramesses' wives were Nefertari, Queen Istnofret, his two daughters, Binthanath and Merytamon, and the Hittite princess, Maathornefrure.

Merenptah (Baenrehotephirmaat) --- 1213 BC - 1203 BC
Amenmesse (Menmire) --- 1203 BC - 1200 BC
Seti II (Userkheperuresetepenre) --- 1200 BC - 1194 BC
Siptah (Akhenresetepenre) --- 1194 BC - 1188 BC
Tausert (Sitremeritamun) --- 1188 BC - 1186 BC

20th Dynasty --- 1186 - 1069 BC

Setakht (Userkhauremeryamun) --- 1186 BC - 1184 BC
Ramesses III (Usermaatremeryamun) --- 1184 BC - 1153 BC
Ramesses IV (Hekamaatresetepenamun) --- 1153 BC - 1147 BC
Ramesses V (Usermaatresekheperenre) --- 1147 BC - 1143 BC
Ramesses VI (Nebmaatremeryamun) --- 1143 BC - 1136 BC
Ramesses VII (Usermaatresetepenre) --- 1136 BC - 1129 BC
Ramesses VIII (Usermaatreakhenamun) --- 1129 BC - 1126 BC
Ramesses IX (Neferkaresetepenre) --- 1126 BC - 1108 BC
Ramesses X (Khepermaatresetepenre) --- 1108 BC - 1099 BC
Ramesses XI (Menmaatresetepenptah) --- 1099 BC - 1069 BC

Third Intermediate Period --- 1070 - 715

The capital moves from Tanis to Libyan, to Nubia, to Thebes, to SAIS, and then back to Nubia and Thebes.

21st Dynasty --- 1070 BC - 945 BC

Smedes --- 1070 BC - 1044 BC
Amenemnisu --- 1040 BC
Psusennes I --- 1040 BC - 992 BC
Amenope --- 993 - 984
Osochor --- 984 - 978
Siamun --- 978 - 959
Psusennes II --- 959 - 945

22nd Dynasty --- 945 BC - 712 BC

Shoshenq I --- 945 BC - 924 BC
Osorkon I --- 924 BC - 909 BC
Takelot --- 909 BC - ?
Shoshenq II --- ? - 883 BC
Osorkon II --- 883 BC - 855 BC
Takelot II --- 860 BC - 835 BC
Shoshenq III --- 835 BC - 783 BC
Pami --- 783 BC - 773 BC
Shoshenq IV --- 773 BC - 735 BC
Osorkon IV --- 735 BC - 712 BC

23rd Dynasty --- 828 BC - 725 BC

Pedubaste I --- 828 BC - 803 BC
Osorkon IV --- 777 BC - 749 BC
Peftjauwybast --- 740 BC - 725 BC

24th Dynasty --- 725 BC - 715 BC

Shepsesre Tefnakht I --- 725 BC - 720 BC
Wahkare Bakenranef --- 720 BC - 715 BC

Late Kingdom --- 712 BC - 343 BC

25th Dynasty --- 712 BC - 657 BC

Shebaka --- 712 BC - 698 BC
Shebitku --- 698 BC - 690 BC
Taharqa --- 690 BC - 664 BC
Tantamani --- 664 BC - 657 BC

26th Dynasty --- 664 BC - 525 BC

Psammetichus I (Psam-tik) --- 664 BC - 610 BC
Psammetichus II --- 610 BC - 595 BC
Apries --- 589 BC - 570 BC
Amasis --- 570 BC - 526 BC
Psammetichus III --- 526 BC - 525 BC

27th Dynasty --- 525 BC - 404 BC

Cambyses --- 525 BC - 522 BC
Darius I --- 521 BC - 486 BC
Xerxes I --- 486 BC - 466 BC
Artaxerxes I --- 465 BC - 424 BC
Darius II --- 424 BC - 404 BC

28th Dynasty --- 404 BC - 399 BC

Amyrtaios --- 404 BC - 399 BC

29th Dynasty --- 399 BC - 380 BC

Nepherites I --- 399 BC - 393 BC
Psammuthis --- 393 BC
Hakoris --- 393 BC - 380 BC
Nepherites II --- 380 BC

30th Dynasty --- 380 BC - 343 BC

The 30th Dynasty contains the last of the Egyptian-born Pharaohs.

Nectanebo I --- 380 BC - 362 BC
Teos --- 365 BC - 360 BC
Nectanebo II --- 360 BC - 343 BC

Second Persian Period --- 343 BC - 332 BC

31st Dynasty --- 343 - 332 BC

The 31st Dynasty in also known as the Second Persian Period.

Ochus (Artaxerxes III) --- 343 BC - 338 BC
Arses --- 338 BC - 336 BC
Darius III Codomannus --- 335 BC - 332 BC

Ptolemaic Dynasty --- 323 BC - 30 BC

This period is confusing due to all of the co-regencies. Scholars are not always in agreement on the order of reigns and, in some case, the reigns themselves, from Ptolemy VI through Ptolemy XI. In any event, Egypt's authority and wealth was intact until the death of Cleopatra, at which time, Egypt was overpowered by Rome.

Ptolemy I Soter I --- 323 BC - 285 BC
     Upon the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC, the throne of Egypt fell to Ptolemy I, the son of Lagus. He was a veteran soldier and trusted commander who had served Alexander. He started the Ptolemaic Dynasty, which lasted about 300 years.

Ptolemy II Philadelphus --- 282 BC - 246 BC
     Ptolemy II Philadelphus, which means 'Brother/Sister-loving', was married to his full sister Arsinoe II. According to the "Letter of Aristeas", Ptolemy II requested 70 Jewish scholars come from Jerusalem to translate the Pentateuch into a Greek version to be placed into the Great Library collection. He died on January 29, 246 BC.

Ptolemy III Euergeter I --- 246 BC - 222 BC
     Ptolemy III Euergeter I was the son of Ptolemy II Philadelphus and Arsinoe II and was married to Berenike, his sister. He died in 222 BC.

Ptolemy IV Philopator --- 222 BC - 205 BC
     Philopator means 'Father-loving'. He married his sister Arsinoe. He died in the summer of 204. After his death, two of his most powerful ministers had his wife, Arsinoe III, killed.

Ptolemy V Epiphanes --- 205 BC - 180 BC
     Ptolemy V Epiphanes was the son of Ptolemy IV Philopator and Arsinoe III. He became king after his father's death, when he was only five years old. After his father's death, his mother was eager to become the next regent. Ptolemy IV Philopator's two most powerful ministers, Sosibius and Agathocles had Arsinoe murdered. He was married to Cleopatra I. He died at the age of twenty-eight while putting down the last of the insurgents in the Delta.

Ptolemy VI Philometor --- 180 BC - 164 BC & --- 163 BC - 145 BC
     Ptolemy VI Philometor was the son and successor of Ptolemy V Epiphanes, who died when Philometor was a very young boy. His wife-sister was Cleopatra II and his younger brother was Ptolemy VII Euergetes II Physcon. In 164 BC, Philometor left Alexandria and went to Rome where he pretended to be working-class. He waited here until the authorities came to him. Physcon ruled in his absence and it was becoming intolerable. The Alexandrians soon were begging for Philometor to return to Alexandria. In May of 163, the two brothers agreed to split up the rule of Egypt. Physcon would rule the western province of Cyrenaica and Philometor was ruler of Egypt. This lasted until Philometor's death in 145 BC.

Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator --- 145 BC
     Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator was the son of Ptolemy VI Philometor and Cleopatra II. Upon Philometor's death, Cleopatra's son, who was about 16 years old and had been appointed co-ruler by his father earlier that year, became king under his mother's regency. Philopator's uncle Physcon (Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II) wanted to rule and a large number of supporters. He could not get Cleopatra out of the way, so he did the next best thing, he married her. Philopator was killed during the wedding feast.

Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II --- 170 BC - 163 BC & --- 145 BC - 116 BC
     Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II (Physcon) was the younger brother of Ptolemy VI Philometor and the uncle of Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator. He ruled Egypt when Philometor fled Alexandria for Rome. His rule proved to be intolerable and the Alexandrians were begging for Philometor to return. When he did, the two brothers split up rule; Physcon ruling the western province of Cyrenaica and Philometor ruled Egypt. Upon Philometor's death, his son, Philopator, took over the throne with his mother as co-regent. Physcon married Philopator's mother, Cleopatra II, and had Philopator killed at the wedding feast. He returned to Memphis as Pharaoh and expulsed many of the Alexandrians who had sided against him. He also married Cleopatra II's daughter, Cleopatra III. He died on June 26, 116 BC and left his power to Cleopatra III and whichever of her sons she might prefer.

Cleopatra III & Ptolemy IX Soter II --- 116 BC - 107 BC & --- 88 BC - 80 BC
     Cleopatra III & Ptolemy IX Soter II (Lathyros) were co-regents during the Ptolemaic Dynasty. Cleopatra III was the niece of Physcon (Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II) and was married to him while her mother was still his official wife. She bore Physcon two sons - Ptolemy IX Philometor Soter II (Lathyros) and Ptolemy X Alexander I as well as three daughters, Cleopatra IV, Cleopatra Tryphaena, and Cleopatra Selene. In Physcon's will he left the succession to Cleopatra and to whichever son she preferred. She hated Lathyros, but doted on the younger son Alexander. The Alexandrians wanted Lathyros to be co-regent. He was then governor of Cyprus. Lathyros was brought back to Alexandria to co-rule and Alexander was sent to Cyprus to replace Lathyros. Lathyros was married to Cleopatra IV, his sister, but his mother repudiated the marriage and replaced her with Cleopatra Selene, who was Cleopatra IV's sister. Cleopatra IV went to Cyprus where she tried to raise an army and to marry Ptolemy Alexander. She failed to marry him and moved on to Syria where she used her army as a dowry and married Antiochus IX Cyzicenus who was son of Antiochus Sidetes and Cleopatra Thea. Cleopatra III finally succeeded in driving out Lathyros in 107 BC when she accused him of trying to murder her. He left behind his wife and his two sons. His brother returned from Cyprus and assumed the throne. Lathyros was in Cyprus during this time.
     After the death of Alexander in a naval battle, Lathyros, who was now in his mid-fifties, was brought back to Alexandria to try to put back together the Ptolemaic empire. He died at the age of 62 and left no legitimate heir to the throne, both of his sons by Cleopatra Selene appear to have died at a young age. His daughter Cleopatra Berenice ruled alone for a while after his death.

Cleopatra III & Ptolemy X Alexander I --- 107 BC - 88 BC
     Cleopatra III & Alexander I were co-rulers of the Ptolemaic Dynasty after Cleopatra had driven out her older son, Ptolemy IX Soter II (Lathyros), after accusing him of trying to kill her. Alexander had been the governor of Cyprus, but after Lathyros had been ousted, he returned to Alexandria to rule with his mother. Not long after he came to rule, his mother soon grew tired of him as well and forced him to flee from Alexandria. In 101, he returned under the pretense of a reconciliation with his mother. He came back and had her assassinated. Alexander was finally driven out of Egypt after selling off Alexander the Great's gold coffin to raise money. He was killed in a naval battle off Cyprus.

Cleopatra Berenice  --- 81 BC - 80 BC
     Cleopatra Berenice was the daughter of Lathyros (Ptolemy IX Soter II) and was married to Ptolemy X Alexander I. After the death of Alexander, she ruled for about one year alone. She was forced to marry her much younger stepson (or possible son). Nineteen days after the marriage took place, Ptolemy XI murdered his new bride.

Ptolemy XI Alexander II --- 80 BC
     Ptolemy XI Alexander II was the son of Ptolemy X Alexander. After the death of his uncle Ptolemy IX Soter II (Lathyros), his step-mother (or possibly mother) Cleopatra Berenice ruled for about one year alone. Ptolemy XI was required to marry his step-mother, who was much older than he. The marriage took place and nineteen days later, Ptolemy XI killed his new bride. He was then lynched by the Alexandrian mob, with whom his wife had been very popular.

Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos --- 80 BC - 58 BC & --- 55 BC - 51 BC
     Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos was the illegitimate son of Lathyros (Ptolemy IX Soter II). His younger brother became governor of Cyprus and Ptolemy XII came to Alexandria to rule after the death of Ptolemy XI Alexander II. He was often referred to by his subjects as the Bastard or the Flute Player (Auletes). He referred to himself as 'Theos Philopator Philadelphos Neos Dionysos'. It is only in the history books that he is referred to as Ptolemy XII. He was married to his sister-wife, Cleopatra V Tryphaena and was the father of the famous Cleopatra VII, who grew up to be the last of the Ptolemies.
He was driven out of Alexandria in 58 BC. In his absence, he left as co-regents his wife-sister Cleopatra V Tryphaena and their eldest daughter, Berenice IV. Cleopatra Tryphaena died about a year later and Berenice IV ruled as sole regent. She was made to marry Seleucus Kybiosaktes but after a short time, she had him strangled. Auletes returned to the throne in 55 BC and ruled until his death in 51 BC. On his death, he left his regency to his daughter Cleopatra VII.

Berenice IV --- 58 BC - 55 BC
     Berenice IV was the oldest daughter of Auletes (Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos) and ruled for three years during his exile. At the beginning of his exile, she co-ruled with her mother Cleopatra V Tryphaena until the mother's death about a year later. Berenice ruled as sole regent and was expected to marry. The one selected was Seleucus Kybiosaktes. After a few days, she had her husband strangled. The second man she chose was Archelaus. Her father finally paid out enough money and was brought back to Egypt. Archelaus' army was defeated and Pompey suggested that Auletes be returned to the throne. One of his first acts was to have his daughter, Berenice, executed.

Cleopatra VII & Ptolemy XIII --- 51 BC - 47 BC
Cleopatra & Ptolemy XIV --- 47 BC - 44 BC
Cleopatra VII & Ptolemy XV Cesarion --- 44 BC - 30 BC
     In the springtime of 51 BC, Ptolemy Auletes died and left his kingdom in his will to his eighteen year old daughter, Cleopatra, and her younger brother Ptolemy XIII who was twelve at the time. Cleopatra was born in 69 BC in Alexandria, Egypt. She had two older sisters, Cleopatra VI and Berenice IV as well as a younger sister, Arsinoe IV. There were two younger brothers as well, Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV.

1050 BC - 931 BC --- United Kingdom --- (the start of Saul’s Reign)

Saul reign from 1050 BC – 1010 BC.

David started his reign in 1010 BC (After Saul’s 40 years as King).

Solomon’s reign was from 971 BC – 931 BC. The temple was begun during the 4^th full year (actually into the fifth) of Solomon’s reign. (1 Kings 11:42)

960 BC --- First Temple was completed.

931 BC --- Death of Solomon, A Tragic Civil War Split Israel Into Two Opposing Kingdoms, The North and the South.

The Northern Kingdom began in 931 BC and lasted 210 years. It consisted of Ten Tribes and its capital later became Samaria. It was captured by the Assyrians in 721 BC and never returned from captivity.

The Southern Kingdom began in 931 BC and lasted 326 years. It consisted of Two Tribes (Judah and Benjamin) and its capital remained Jerusalem. It was captured by the Babylonians in 606 BC. There were three separate returns from captivity.

931 BC - 721 BC --- Northern Kingdom --- Kings:

931 BC - 909 BC --- Jeroboam - 1 Kings 11:26 – 14:20, 2 Chron. 9:29 – 13:22

1.Jeroboam served as a cabinet member under Solomon, but fled to Egypt to escape the king’s wrath.

2. He led the revolt of the ten tribes at Shechem.

3. His false religion caused Israel to sin.

4. His pagan altar was destroyed, his army paralyzed, and his son stricken by God  due to his sin.

5. He was defeated in battle by Abijam, the second king of the south.

6. He was stricken with a plague from God and died.

910 BC - 908 BC --- Nadab - 1 Kings 15:25-28

1. Nadab was the son of Jeroboam.

2. He was assassinated by a rebel named Baasha.

909 BC - 885 BC --- Baasha - 1 Kings 15:27 – 16:7, 2 Chron. 16:1-6

1. He killed Nadab and thus fulfilled Ahijah the prophet’s prediction. Compare 1 Kings 14:4 with 15:29

2. He fought with Asa (third king of the south) and built a wall to cut off trade to Jerusalem.

885 BC - 883 BC --- Elah - 1 Kings 16:6-14

1. He was the son of Baasha.

2. While drunk, he was assassinated by a soldier rebel.

885 BC (duration of 7 days) --- Zimri - 1 Kings 16:9-20

1. He fulfilled prophecy by slaughtering Baasha’s seed.

2. He was trapped by rebel soldiers in his own palace, resulting in a fiery suicidal death.

885 BC - 873 BC --- Omri - 1 Kings 16:15-28

1. He made Samaria the northern capital.

2. He was the most po